Analysing Arguments: Truth,
validity, congency
1. I’m having difficulty analyzing
arguments-identifying, supplying missing premises for inductive and deductive
arguments, diagramming, reconstructing and listing claims and diagramming. For
eg.
Number must be either infinite or
finite. But it cannot be infinite. An infinite number is neither odd nor even,
but numbers are always odd or even.
How would I list the claims for a
passage like the above, diagram it or symbolize it using propositional logic?
2. I’m not sure how to supply
missing premises, diagram or determine if an argument is valid or invalid. For
eg.
Radioactive elements disintegrate
and eventually turn into lead. If matter has always existed there should be no
radioactive elements left. The presence of uranium and other radioactive
elements is scientific proof that matter has not always existed.
3. How would I diagram an argument
like this?
1. q v s
2. ~q
3. s
4. y -> ~s
5. ~y
6. y v (g & h)
____________
7. g & h
4. How would I reconstruct an
argument for something like this?
Smokers should be allowed to smoke
only in private where it does not offend anyone else. Would any smoker walk
into a restaurant and start eating half-chewed food on someone’s plate, or
drink a glass of water that previously held someone’s teeth? Probably not, yet
they expect non-smokers to inhale smoke from the recesses of their lungs! My
privilege and right is to choose a clean and healthy life without interference.
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