Chapter 1: An Overview of Computers and Programming

TRUE/FALSE

1. Software can be classified into two
broad types: application software and programming software.

2. Every programming language has rules
governing its word usage and punctuation.

3. Besides the popular, comprehensive
programming languages such as Java and C++, many programmers use scripting
languages such as Python, Lua, Perl, and PHP.

4. Professional computer programmers
write programs to satisfy their own needs.

5. The heart of the programming process
lies in planning the program’s logic.

6. Once a program is completely coded,
it is ready for a company or organization to use.

7. A flowchart is an English-like representation
of the logical steps necessary to solve a

problem.

8. An infinite loop is a flow of
program logic that repeats and never ends.

9. Alan Turing is often regarded as the
first programmer.

10. Programmers can use either procedural
programming or object-oriented programming to develop programs.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ____ data items may involve
organizing or sorting them, checking them for accuracy, or performing
calculations with them.

a. Processing c. Outputting

b. Inputting d. Converting

2. ____ errors are relatively easy to
locate and correct because the compiler or interpreter you use highlights every
error.

a. Logic c. Input

b. Syntax d. Process

3. If you use an otherwise correct word
that does not make sense in the current context, programmers say you have
committed a ____ error.

a. syntax c. semantic

b. logic d. programming

4. A(n) ___ is a named memory location
whose value can vary.

a. input c. output

b. variable d. logic

5. Computer programmers often refer to
memory addresses using ____ notation.

a. binary c. mathematical

b. indirect d. hexadecimal

6. Before a programmer plans the logic
of the program, he or she must ____.

a. understand
the problem c. test the program

b. write the
program code d. maintain the program

7. After a programmer plans the logic
of a program, the next step is ____.

a. understanding
the problem c. translating the program

b. testing
the program d. coding the program

8. The process of walking through a
program’s logic on paper before you actually write the program is called ____.

a. desk-checking c. pseudocoding

b. flowcharting d. testing

9. Typically, a programmer develops a
program’s logic, writes the code, and ____ the program, receiving a list of
syntax errors.

a. runs c. executes

b. compiles d. tests

10. The process of finding and correcting
program errors is called ____.

a. desk-checking c. error
correcting

b. syntax-checking d. debugging

11. After programs are put into
production, making necessary changes is called _____.

a. debugging c. maintenance

b. conversion d. testing

12. Using ____ involves writing down all
the steps you will use in a program.

a. a compiler c. a
flowchart

b. an
interpreter d. pseudocode

13. In a flowchart, the ____ is used to
represent processing.

a. circle c. triangle

b. diamond d. rectangle

14. The ____ is used to represent output
in a flowchart.

a. square c. parallelogram

b. circle d. triangle

15. The ____ is the standard terminal
symbol for a flowchart.

a. circle c. diamond

b. lozenge d. square

16. The repetition of a series of steps is
called a(n) ____.

a. repeat
flow c. flow

b. loop d. infinite
loop

17. A(n) ____ is a repeating flow of logic
with no end.

a. nonterminated
condition c. variable

b. infinite
loop d. decision symbol

18. You represent a decision in a
flowchart by drawing a decision symbol, which is shaped like a ____.

a. parallelogram c. diamond

b. square d. circle

19. Many programming languages use the
term ____ to refer to the marker that is used to automatically recognize the
end of data in a file.

a. data_end c. eof

b. end_data d. eod

20. A(n) ____ tells the user what to
enter.

a. command
line c. prompt

b. input
screen d. data line

21. A(n) ____ is a program that you use to
create simple text files.

a. text
editor c. GUI

b. IDE d. GDE

22. A(n) ____ is a software package that
provides an editor, a compiler, and other programming tools.

a. GUI c. GDE

b. CGI d. IDE

23. A(n) ____ is a location on your
computer screen where you type text entries to communicate with the computer’s
operating system.

a. input
line c. command line

b. communication
line d. GCI

24. A ____ allows users to interact with a
program in a graphical environment.

a. GCI c. command
line

b. CGI d. GUI

25. The major difference between the two
main programming styles in use today is the ____.

a. use of
flowcharts versus pseudocode

b. testing
procedure used by the programmer

c. programmer’s
focus during the earliest planning stages of a project

d. programming
language used

COMPLETION

1. When instructions are carried out, a
program runs, or ____________________.

2. A(n) ____________________ is the sequence of steps necessary to solve
any problem.

3. When you draw a flowchart, you use
a(n) ____________________ to represent the input symbol, which indicates an
input operation.

4. A preselected value that stops the
execution of a program is often called a(n) ____________________ value because
it does not represent real data.

5. A(n) ____________________ programmer would approach a problem by
dividing the process into manageable subtasks.

MATCHING

Match each term with a statement below.

a. volatile
memory f. pseudocode

b. software g. hardware

c. syntax
error h. flowchart

d. machine
language i. flowlines

e. sentinel j. documentation

1. Equipment, or the physical devices,
associated with a computer

2. Instructions that tell the computer
what to do

3. Contents are lost when the computer
is turned off or loses power

4. Represent(s) the millions of on/off
circuits within the computer

5. Incorrectly spelled words, or
reversing the proper order of two words in a computer program

6. All the supporting paperwork for a
program

7. Pictorial representation of the
logical steps it takes to solve a problem

8. English-like representation of the
logical steps it takes to solve a problem

9. Used to show the correct sequence of
statements

10. Preselected value that stops the
execution of a program

SHORT ANSWER

1. Describe internal and permanent
storage.

2. Describe the function of a compiler
and an interpreter.

3. What is a variable and how is it
used in a program?

4. What is involved in putting a program
into production?

5. How is a decision represented in a
flowchart?

6. How does a program recognize the end
of an input file?

7. Discuss two ways that you can enter
a program into a computer.

8. List the features that are commonly
included with an IDE editor.

9. What are some of the features
provided by modern programming languages that were not available in older
programming languages?

10. Currently, there are two major
techniques used to develop programs and their procedures. Name and describe
them.