You will perform calculations comparing the performance of two computer systems, Machine A and Machine B, against two separate benchmark programs, I and II.  Table 2.1 gives the clock rates for Machines A and B, along with the number of clock cycles required to execute each type of instruction.  Table 2.2 gives the number of instructions (in millions) required to run each benchmark program for each of the two machines.  The reference run times (Tref) for benchmarks I and II are 50 ms and 70 ms, respectively.
Your task is to evaluate and compare Machine A vs. Machine B for the two benchmarks by completing Table 2.3.  As you click on cells in Table 2.3, a large green box will appear on the right to help guide you through the problem.

Table 2.1: Clock rate and Cycles per Instruction Machine A B Clock Rate 1.8 GHz 3.0 GHz Arithmetic and Logic 1 1 Load/Store 3 5 Branch 4 3 Other 2 3
Table 2.2: Instruction Counts for benchmarks I and II (millions) Machine A B Benchmark I II I II Arithmetic and Logic 8 6 7 5 Load/Store 5 7 5 10 Branch 3 5 4 4 Other 4 4 2 3
Top of Form
Table 2.3: Benchmark Comparison Machine A B Clock period (ps) Benchmark I II I II Instruction Count (millions) Average Cycles per Instruction Execution time (ms) MIPS Speed ratio SPEC speed metric Faster Clock Frequency B Faster Machine B Bottom of Form

Question #1 – CPU Components
Which of the following are components of the CPU?
a. system bus b. I/O module c. main memory d. I/O buffers e. instruction register f. registers for accessing I/O devices g. registers for accessing memory h. program counter i. execution unit
Question #2 – IAS Instruction Format
[Modified from Stallings Problem 2.2]

For the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) computer from Princeton (see photo at right), use Fig. 2.2 and Table 2.1 from your textbook to determine the following machine code:
Left…