1. Innate and adaptive immune responses are said to beco-dependent and cooperative branches of immunity. Brieflydescribe two distinct cellular/molecular examples thatclearly represent this co-dependency and cooperation.
2. Describe five principle categories of antibody effectorfunctions. For each category, explain the roles of antibody Fab andFc domains and cellular Fc receptors.
3. Monoclonal antibody technology was first developed in the1970’s and was accompanied by hopes that they would serve as“magic bullets”.
What was meant by this concept of “magic bullet”?
Why didn’t it work right away and how was this problem overcome?
Explain the key differences between chimeric, humanized, andfully humanized antibodies; and briefly explain the processby which each type is created.
4. Two vaccines are described in a. and b. below. Foreach, predict whether the vaccine would activate a cytotoxic T cellresponse or just a T helper and B cell response. Explain youranswers by describing what you have learned about antigenprocessing and presentation. Be sure to include key steps andmolecules involved in each processing pathway.
a. A UV- inactivated (“killed”) viral preparation that has retained its antigenicproperties, but cannot invade or replicate in host cells.
b. An attenuated active (“live”) viral preparation that has low virulence but can stillinvade and replicate in host cells.
5. You have been working hard in an immunology research groupto create “knock-out” mice with homozygous deletions in thefollowing genes: 1) Rag 1& Rag 2 (double mutant); and 2)CD8. Somehow, your mutant strains have been mixed upand now you must perform tests to determine which strain iswhich. For each of the two mutant strains listed,briefly describe:
i. The function of the normalgene.
ii. The expected mutant phenotype. (Be specific. Explain the cellular/physiologicalphenotype, and NOT simply that the mouse is sick.)
iii. The specific immunologicaltests you would perform to distinguish between them. (Describe two different tests. Hint, choose from tests described inmodule 3, topic 3.4) Be sure to explain what particularreagents you would use, the expected results, and how theseresults will help you make the correct determination.
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