1. Deamination is one common cause of:

Frameshifts

INDELs

Transformations

Transitions

Transversions

2.

For the E.coli strain containing the lac operon alleles listed,
indicate whether the strain is inducible, constitutive, or unable
to express Beta-galactosidase and permease.

A. I⁺O⁺Z^–Y⁺
with
F’I⁺O^cZ⁺Y⁺

B. I⁺O⁺Z⁺Y⁺
with
F’I^–O^cZ⁺Y^–