1.
Normal glomerular filtration rates can be in the range of
A.
20 liter/day
B.
2 liter/day
C.
180 liter/hour
D.
180 liter/day
E.
180 ml/day
2.
Glomerular filtrate
A.
is almost identical to plasma except that it contains more
protein
B.
is almost identical to plasma except that it contains very little
protein
C.
is quite different from plasma in the concentration of most
substances
D.
will normally contain significant amounts of protein and red blood
cells
E.
has greatly increased concentrations of salts and ions compared to
plasma
3.
The positive driving force for glomerular filtration originates
from
A.
osmotic pressure due to ions in the plasma of the capillaries
B.
larger than normal arterioles that create as much as 60 mm Hg blood
pressure in the glomerular capillaries
C.
hydrostatic pressure in Bowman’s space
D.
osmotic pressure due to proteins in the plasma of the
capillaries
E.
the bound ions and lipids in the plasma
4.
The kidneys regulate hydrogen ion concentration by the
A.
secretion of hydrogen ions in the tubules
B.
excretion of bicarbonate in the tubules
C.
production of bicarbonate in the tubule cells
D.
secretion of calcium ions in the tubules
E.
a, b, and c
5.
Aldosterone acts by
A.
stimulating glucose metabolism
B.
inhibiting protein synthesis in sodium-transporting cells
C.
stimulating synthesis of proteins that function as water channels
and are involved in direct water absorption
D.
stimulating synthesis of proteins that function as sodium channels
and are involved in membrane sodium pumps
E.
increasing porosity of cell membranes along the renal tubule
6.
A high plasma concentration of ADH causes
A.
increased water permeability in collecting ducts, and therefore a
large final urine volume
B.
increased water permeability in collecting ducts, and therefore a
small final urine volume
C.
decreased water permeability in collecting ducts, and therefore a
large final urine volume
D.
decreased sodium permeability in collecting ducts, and therefore a
small final urine volume
E.
increased potassium permeability in collecting ducts, and therefore
a large final urine volume
7.
As the kidneys work to maintain water balance in the body, it must
be remembered that water can also be lost via
A.
perspiration
B.
the intestinal tract
C.
respiration
D.
liver
E.
a, b, and c
8.
Because of the countercurrent multiplier system in the loop of
Henle and medullary collecting duct
A.
isoosmotic urine is generated by alternating active sodium
reabsorption through membranes impermeable to water, and variable
diffusion of water through ADH-responsive membranes
B.
hyperosmotic urine is generated by alternating active sodium
reabsorption through membranes impermeable to water, and variable
diffusion of water through ADH-responsive membranes
C.
hypoosmotic urine is generated by alternating active sodium
reabsorption through membranes impermeable to water, and variable
diffusion of water through ADH-responsive membranes
D.
hyperosmotic urine is generated by active sodium secretion into the
loop of Henle and the medullary collecting duct
9.
Renal clearance is the
A.
volume of urine produced per day
B.
volume of blood from which a substance is removed per unit time
C.
volume of plasma from which a substance is removed per unit
time
D.
amount of inulin in the urine
10. Calcium
levels in the body are regulated by
A.
kidney reabsorption
B.
intestinal absorption
C.
bone, which is a major calcium reservoir in the body
D.
liver metabolism
E.
a, b, and c
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