About 99% of the body’s calcium is found as calcium phosphate salts in bone tissue. The calcium in plasma is in an ionic form, Ca^++. Although the level of Ca^++ in the blood and tissues is closely regulated by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, imbalances in Ca^++ can occur. What effect would an elevated Ca^++ concentration have on muscle activity? What effect would a Ca^++ deficiency have on muscle activity? Bone is mostly a non-living extracellular matrix of bone minerals and collagen proteins. What cells help repair broken bones, where are they located, and what do they do? As can be seen in figure 30.8, the skeleton of a bird is modified for flight. Aside from the size and arrangement of the bones in the skeleton, what other feature of its bones might affect the ability of a bird to fly? How do scientists deduce the appearance of hominids or dinosaurs when all they have to study are a few bone fragments?
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