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Question: Epinephrine otherwise known as adrenalin is involved in the fight or flight response. Epinephrine…

by | Dec 5, 2023 | Posted Questions

Epinephrine otherwise known as adrenalin is involved in the
fight or flight response. Epinephrine is both a neurotransmitter
and a endocrine signal. Your significant other is lying on a lovely
blanket in the grass by the banks of the Pongo river in your
favorite state park. You have just finished a fine sojourn and
repast of cold smoked pheasant, cold pasta in truffle cream sauce,
and tomatoes with basil and garlic on toasted bread rounds You were
just getting out the strawberry and lemon curd tarts for you and
your significant other and a rabid black bear jumps out at the two
of you. Place the following statements concerning
epinepherine action and your picnic in order.

HINT anything involving the nervous system happens
so fast it is over and done with before anything involving the
endocrine system even starts.   

-Epinephrine is removed from the synapse and cAMP is destroyed
by phosphodiesterase to allow your neurons to fire again before any
of the rest of your body even responds to the threat.

-Your muscles and lungs enervated my the motor neurons use the
sugar in your blood and you haul *ss. Reaching the car you get in
slam the door and try to recover your breath. It is a miracle you
made it! Maybe not — you realize that you are alone. Guess lying
down surrounded by dropped strawberry and lemon tarts with an
oncoming bear was not an opportune situation to be in. They were
needy anyway and they really should have been serving you. Besides
it is Saturday and your friends are going to Club 519 and there is
lots of bling in the old treasury. You dial 911 and head back to
Gvegas.

-A signaling cascade is initiated in the stomach, pancreas, and
liver cells involving a series of kinases.

-Epinephrine binds receptors on cells in your stomach, pancreas,
and liver.

-Vesicles fuse with the membrane releasing epinephrine.
  

-Epinephrine is released by cells in endocrine glands into the
blood.

-The receptors in your stomach, pancreas, and liver cells change
shape causing a G-protein inside the cells to shed GDP and bind
GTP.

-In a region of your brain that registers information from your
eyes, epinephrine in vesicles of presynaptic neurons in your brain
move to the cell membrane by the synapse.

-The post synatic neuron now triggers the next neuron in line
such that a signal leaves the brain and is transmitted to muscles
and glands of the endocrine system.   

-Epinephrine activates receptors in the post synaptic membrane.
  

-The terminal protein in the signaling cascade is activated. The
stomach stops digestion and processing of your sumptuous meal. The
liver and pancreas release sugar into your blood stream.
  

-Epinephrine in the blood binds to target cells in the stomach
pancrease and liver.   

-The receptor on the postsynaptic neuron changes shape and
triggers a cAMP second messenger.   

-The G-protein changes shape and moves away to activate
andenylate cyclase which makes cAMP.

-The opening of ion channels allows Na+,
Cl, and K+ to either leave or enter the post
synaptic neuron.

-cAMP initiates a cascade/relay that results in ion channels
opening.

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