(I) A Farmer’s crops are being eaten by beetles. She asks for your help. She is concerned about 1 of 2 keeping the beetles at bay, but also about resistance developing in the beetles. It is known that in the absence of insecticide the R allele (conferring resistance) is recessive to the S allele (susceptible) and she could assume that the R allele is at a frequency that is at mutation/selection equilibrium. After consulting the literature, you discover that the selective disadvantage of the R allele is approximately 0.1 when homozygous and the mutation rate is about mu = 10^-5. (Ia) What would the frequency of the R allele be at equilibrium? A. 0 B. 0.01 C. 0.1 D. 0.5 E. 1 The insecticides she uses has different effects at different doses. At low dose (cheaper), the absolute fitnesses of the SS, RS, and RR beetles will be 0.02, 1.7 and 1.6, respectively. If she uses the higher dose (much more expensive and damaging to the environment), the fitnesses will be 0.01, 1.05, and 1.1 respectively. (Ib) What would the expected frequencies of the two alleles be at equilibrium after the use of the pesticide at the low dose? A. S = 0.77, R = 0.23 B. S = 0.65, R = 0.35 C. S = 0.43, R = 0.57 D. S = 0.27, R = 0.73 E. S = 0.06, R = 0.94 (Ic) Assuming the initial frequency of R allele at equilibrium calculated in (la), what would be the expected frequency of the R allele in the next generation if the farmer uses the high dose? A. 0 B. 0.35 C. 0.5 D. 0.73 E. 1