Use the figure to answer the question.

46.__ The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll
a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they
different?

A. Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red
and blue wavelengths.

B. Bright sunlight destroys photosynthetic pigments.

C. Oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes with the
absorption of light.

D. Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll
a.

E. Aerobic bacteria take up oxygen, which changes the
measurement of the rate of photosynthesis.

47.__ When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it
is a direct by-product of _____.

A. reducing NADP+

B. splitting water molecules

C. chemiosmosis

D. the electron transfer system of photosystem I

E. the electron transfer carried out by NADPreductase

48.__ Which of the following sequences correctly represents the
flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

A. NADPH → O2 → C O2

B. H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle

C. NADPH → chlorophyll → Calvin cycle

D. H2O → photosystem I → photosystem II

E. NADPH → electron transport chain → O2   

49.__ Which one of the following statements concerning
photosynthesis is incorrect?

A. Components of the thylakoid
membrane are where the process of chemiosmosis occurs.

B. Chlorophyll molecules in plants
absorb light primarily in the blue and red wavelengths.

C. The source of electrons to replace
the 2 lost from chlorophyll is typically water.

D. The source of electrons for
photophosphorylation is either NADPH or NADH.

E. The Calvin Cycle is responsible for taking in carbon dioxide
and producing G-3-P.

50.__Which of the graphs represent a
process with all of the following: +DG,
exergonic, a cell performing ATP synthesis, and
overall process of Glycolysis?

51.__Which of the above graphs might
represent a system where there is a change in the amount of
free energy available for work or a change in the potential energy
of a system.

52.__Which of the above graphs would
best describe the actions of a
PMF (proton motive force) involved in the
facilitated diffusion through ATPsynthase.

No. 53 is an expanded multiple choice question. Please read the
statement carefully.

Choose the TWO INCORRECT
answers for this question.

53.__ You find the following class of molecule. The basic
structure is composed of both an oxygen/carbon
ring with an attached phosphate group and a
nitrogen-carbon ring group. These molecules
are occasionally attached to each other by a
phosphodiester linkage and when numerous subunits
are attached they form a long polymer that may be either single or
double stranded. Your present investigation is focused on forms
that are composed of only two of the basic subunit
structures. When making a study of the
tricarboxylic cycle you see that these molecules
located in the active site of a number of the
dehydrogenase enzymes utilized in this cycle. The
molecules are found in both an oxidized and a reduced
state at various times within the cell. These same
molecules are found in association with the oxidative
proton pumping complexes of the mesosomal (plasma)
membrane of bacterial cells and they are oxidized due to their
interactions with these protein complexes. Additionally,
some forms of these molecules are found being
reduced as a result of electrons moving from the
reductase enzyme associated with the ETS
of the membranes of chloroplasts.

(mark all appropriate choices /the two INCORRECT
STATEMENTS/ 2)

A. This is clearly a representation
of the molecule referred to as RUBISCO that is responsible for the
attaching to CO₂ to RUBP and is used during the Calvin
Cycle of photosynthesis.

B. This is clearly a representation
of the enzymes that are responsible for the oxidation of the
molecules of the citric acid cycle and the decarboxylation of other
molecules in this process.

C. This is clearly a representation
of the coenzyme molecules that are associated with the facilitation
of the oxidation of substrate molecules during respiratory
pathways

D. This is clearly a representation
of the organic proximate electron source associated with the
actions of chemiosmosis during oxidative phosphorylation.

E. This is a representation of the
molecules responsible for the acceptance of electrons from the
electron transport chain that is part of the process of
photophosphorylation of photoautotroph eukaryotes (plant).

Numbers 54 thru 61 are fill-in the blanks. Please be
clear/careful. Place these answers directly in the spaces
provided.

54.________________________ ______________________
Modified nucleotide molecules (NAD+/FAD) are able
to bind to the active site of enzymes, they can
serve as the recipient of hydrogen atoms removed
from the enzyme’s substrate, and there are numerous
examples of this action seen during the process of
cellular respiration. The functional role of the nucleotide with
their enzyme makes them a ____ and the enzyme family we see them
interact with during respiration are called ___. (two words
needed)

55. _______________________ ________________________ This
molecule is of an organic nature, it binds temporarily to the
active site of a reductase enzyme, it has the capacity to be
reduced state with electrons from photosystem I, and when oxidized
it delivers electrons to the Calvin Cycle. Its function
with the enzyme makes it a ___ and its abbreviated
name is ___. (two answers/words needed)

56. _______________________ _________________________ Whenever
an ETC molecule gains two electrons from pigment molecules that
have been absorbing light energy then the pigment
molecule is ___ and the ETC
molecule is ___. (two words needed.

57.____________   __________________________________
These integral transmembrane transport/enzyme
protein molecular complexes are responsible for
creating ATPs with the use of a proton gradient across a thylakoid
or mesosomal membrane in both photophosphorylation and oxidative
phosphorylation is __ .

58.______________________________________________ In both
photosynthesis and respiration a hydrogen ion
gradient is produced and then used to produce
ATP through the action of transport/enzyme proteins. This
overall process is called __.

59._____________________ ________________________ The
region of the mitochondrion that is the site of
PMF generation, and a higher level of hydrogen
ions and a low pH is called the __ __.
(two words needed)

60.___________________________ ___________________ The
chemical reactions (process) that occurs in
plants, is responsible for accepting
CO₂ from the atmosphere, producing both a 3
carbon (G3P) molecule and using both ATP and NADPH
molecules is called the __ __. (two words needed)

61.____________________________ _________________ When a
scientist utilizes deduction they will move from a
generalized ___ to some specific set of ___ for use in
experimentation. (two words needed)

62. Please compare and contrast photoautotrophs
and chemoautotrophs. Please be clear and complete
but limit your answer to 4 complete sentences.
(6pts/6pts/90 overall)